Depression During Pregnancy
Facts About Antepartum Depression
Pregnancy is often thought of as a joyful and exciting time for families, however for some women, pregnancy is neither joyful nor exciting but rather a time of sadness and distress. Approximately 10 – 20% of pregnant women suffer from Antepartum Depression (depression during pregnancy). Symptoms of antepartum depression involve a collection of symptoms that last for 2 weeks or longer. The symptoms include: depressed mood, irritability, lack of interest or pleasure, changes in appetite, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, loss of energy, difficulty concentrating or making decisions, sleep disturbances, and thoughts of suicide.
Although pregnant women in general are at risk of developing depression during pregnancy, some women are at higher risk than others. Risk factors for antepartum depression include: history of mood disorders, history of antepartum or postpartum depression, marital dissatisfaction, inadequate social support, stressful life events, and family/relationship stress.
If left untreated, depression during pregnancy can have some serious consequences. For example, untreated antepartum depression can lead to poor birth outcomes for the infant, such as low birth weight and premature delivery. Women with untreated antepartum depression are at greater risk for postpartum depression. Untreated antepartum depression can also lead to a higher likelihood of impairment in mother- child attachment bonding which in turn places the infant at greater risk for emotional and behavioral disorders later on in life.
Though antidepressant medications along with psychotherapy represent the standard of care for severe depression in women who are not pregnant, psychiatrists and obstetricians approach medication for depressed pregnant women with caution due to the potential risks. Psychotherapy is an effective treatment for many women who struggle with depression during pregnancy.